Electromyography (EMG) offers a window into how muscles respond to treatment by measuring electrical activity during contraction. In neurophysiology, this tool helps track changes in muscle activation that reflect underlying neuromuscular adaptations. This post explores how EMG reveals muscular activation changes following Category Two Sensory Organization Test (SOT) interventions, providing objective data on the neuromuscular response to care. Understanding Category Two SOT

Manual therapy relies heavily on accurate diagnosis to guide effective treatment. One challenge in this field is ensuring that different practitioners—or the same practitioner at different times—arrive at consistent conclusions. The SOT five-step analysis offers a structured approach to diagnosis, but how reliable is it across examiners? Jackson GD’s 2000 study provides valuable insights into this question by examining both inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the SOT fi

The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) is a widely used clinical tool designed to assess balance and postural control by evaluating how individuals use sensory inputs to maintain stability. Despite its popularity, questions remain about how consistently practitioners apply SOT categorisation and whether these categories accurately reflect the underlying postural sway patterns. A 2001 study by Brauner, Humphreys, and Warren addressed these concerns by examining the validity and r

Reviewing Pederick’s 1997 Framework for Scientific Appraisal Cranial adjusting has long occupied a debated space within chiropractic and osteopathic practice. In 1997, Frank O. Pederick published a thoughtful analysis in Chiropractic Technique titled “A Kaminski-type Evaluation of Cranial Adjusting.” Rather than simply defending cranial techniques, Pederick applied an evaluative model — often attributed to Kaminski’s framework for assessing chiropractic methods — to systemat