Malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth, ranks as the second most common cause of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain complaints. This condition disrupts the stable contact between upper and lower teeth, leading to an imbalance in the TMJ and the jaw’s neuromuscular system. Such imbalance often causes discomfort and functional problems, including jaw clicking, muscle spasms, teeth grinding (bruxism), neck pain (cervicalgia), headaches (cephalgia), and difficulties in openin

Insights from Rivera-Martinez et al. (2002) In 2002, Rivera-Martinez, Wells, and Capobianco published a retrospective study in the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association examining whether patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease demonstrate distinctive cranial strain patterns. The study explored an intriguing clinical observation: Do patients with Parkinson’s exhibit consistent cranial findings detectable through osteopathic examination? Why This Question Matter